Recursive self-improvement for science

Can AI improve how it discovers?

A community collection of scientific datasets and benchmarks for recursive self-improvement.

Download data, check your model’s answers and use development feedback to guide revisions. Contribute a dataset so others can build on it.

How these resources support RSI
P: scientific program
I: improvement process

A revised improver makes the next change.

StartAfter a revisionNext revisionRejected proposalP₀P₁P₂I₀I₁I₂Installed & used
Compare with a fixed improverP₀P₁P₂I₀Same improverP may change
An illustrative mechanism. The revised improver is installed and used in the next round.

MolP2SBench Molecular discovery

Recover a missing molecular fragment

Hide a fragment of a known structure. Ask a model to recover it using computed physical properties. The original record supplies a reference answer; changing the evidence helps investigate how the model makes its choice.

This is a small, testable part of molecular design. The longer-term question is whether learning from recovery tasks can help a system propose useful molecules.

The demo uses two observations, two candidates and one molecular family. Each property channel in the source has 136 source problems, with two to four candidates per task.

Source: Xie et al., MolP2SBench (2026). Citation & underlying data.

MolP2SBenchMolecular structure recovery

Which structure fits the evidence?

Candidate 0Candidate 0, with a methylene group connecting the nitrile and nitrogen-containing ring.
Candidate 1Candidate 1, with a carbonyl group connecting the nitrile and nitrogen-containing ring.
Question 1Original evidence

1.45724 D

Question 2Counterfactual evidence

5.37590 D

Two questions, the same candidates. Compare each choice with its reference to see where predictions succeed or fail.

Try this exampleOne teaching family · computed dipole magnitudes

What a useful benchmark provides

Scientific discovery involves many possible hypotheses and designs. Better ways to choose the next step may reduce wasted trials. We collect resources that help researchers test those improvements.

Checkable outcomes
A scientific reference or reproducible checker, with a clear account of what it measures.
Useful feedback
Scored outcomes and, where justified, controlled comparisons that help investigate failures.
Fresh problems
Independent scientific families for testing whether a revision transfers.
Repeatable comparisons
Fixed checks, declared feedback access and records of versions, budgets and decisions.

Research notes

All news & research

Selected research · Reviewed

CISEPreprint · Related method · Materials search

Making scientific feedback more reliable

CISE uses calibrated reward intervals to guide materials search. It addresses a practical dataset question: how can feedback prevent promising-looking but infeasible candidates from steering later trials?

A feedback method for materials search; recursive self-revision is untested.

Original source
AIDE²Preprint · RSI research · Research agents

Can an improved research agent become the next improver?

AIDE² evolves research-agent code. Its separate ignition test puts an evolved agent back into the role of improving agents—the return path that matters for recursive self-improvement.

Later improver reuse was tested; its advantage remains unresolved.

Original source

A shared scientific collection

Small contributions.
Shared discovery.

A dataset from one project can become a starting point for someone else. Share original or curated scientific data with checkable outcomes and useful feedback. A paper is optional, and links to existing data sources are welcome.

ContributorsChoose a city to meet its dataset contributors.Meet the contributors through the dataset link below.